Y11 REVIEW

Chemistry is different to/sometimes more difficult than many other courses for various reasons, but one of those is because almost every aspect of the Year 11 course (except small pieces here and there, and electrochemistry) is revisited as the basis for Year 12 work, and therefore examinable.

Study for this subject absolutely requires that you solidly understand Year 11 work. The tutorials and videos on this page take you back through the Preliminary Course to ensure that you have a sound foundation for the HSC. This will help the pieces fall together.

You are strongly encouraged to review one per day / night to consolidate your learning.

1. MEASUREMENT

Tutorials and Problems links:

• SI Base Units
• Metric Prefixes
• Scientific Notation
• Temperature and Temperature Scales
• Accuracy and Precision
• Measurement Uncertainty
• Significant Figures
• Rounding

Videos:

(Skim through these, you don't need to watch all in depth)

1. Scientific Notation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BtzXojuM1o&index=2&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [42.30 mins]
2. Significant Figures Made Easy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WFxkxFXb20 [1.36.01 hours]

2. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Pure Substance
• Physical Properties
• States of Matter
• Physical Change
• Mixture
• Homogeneous Mixture
• Heterogeneous Mixture
• Separating Mixtures
• Element
• Compound

Videos:

1. Elements, Compounds, Pure Substances and Mixtures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHhnm2p5G3o&index=9&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [19.12 mins]
2. Physical and Chemical Changes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE2xaMsoGFU&index=11&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [11.07 mins]
3. Physical and Chemical Properties https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH1R87ahFvA&index=12&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [10.34 mins]
4. PSM1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyeCtbECqg&index=1&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [4.57]
5. PSM2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8_X4t85CQM&index=2&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [4.59]
6. PSM3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncugEdbIAWw&index=6&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [4.57]
7. PSM5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrUH2XGyafI&index=4&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.02]
8. PSM6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIzt0pUDq7A&index=7&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.14]

3. ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Tutorials and Problems:

• Dalton's Atomic Theory
• Atom
• Electron
• Proton
• Neutron
• Atomic Nucleus
• Atomic Number
• Mass Number
• Isotope
• Atomic Mass Unit
• Calculating Average Atomic Mass

Videos:

1. PSM7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwn427EPBR0&index=13&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.17]
2. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tW_ItPxFwvY&index=16&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [19.33 mins]
3. What are Isotopes? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bagegEZBtOs&index=20&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [12.42 mins]
4. PSM8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTcGkLR9dQ0&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=12 [5.19]
5. PSM9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gso_eNAIJdc&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=11 [5.15]
6. PSM14 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ok63ZzUQbx4&index=20&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.09]
7. PSM15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FSG4-wCQYs&index=19&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.05]
8. PSM16 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhsgpMDEKs8&index=18&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.06]
9. PSM11 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KymWeZ6mNd8&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=9 [5.03]
10. Average Atomic Mass Practice Problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgixSP7PxS0&index=17&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [10.19 mins]

4. ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Quantization of Energy
• Atomic Emission Spectra
• Bohr's Atomic Model
• Spectral Lines of Hydrogen
• Quantum Mechanical Atomic Model
• Energy Level
• Orbital
• Quantum Numbers
• Aufbau Principle
• Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Hund's Rule and Orbital Filling Diagrams
• Electron Configurations

Videos:

• PSM10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWyTey2x2s8&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=10 [5.38]
• PSM12 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKruq_80LKc&index=8&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.07]
• PSM13 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9eb1yQ_Yw0&index=14&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.50]

5. PERIODIC TABLE

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Mendeleev's Periodic Table
• Periodic Law
• Modern Periodic Table
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids (called semi-metals in your syllabus)
• Blocks of the Periodic Table
• Hydrogen and Alkali Metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals
• Noble Gases
• Halogens
• Transition Metals
• Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius
• Ion
• Periodic Trends: Ionisation Energy
• Electron Shielding
• Periodic Trends: Electron Affinity
• Periodic Trends: Ionic Radii
• Periodic Trends: Electronegativity
• Periodic Trends: Metallic and Nonmetallic Character

Videos:

• PSM17 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxxML5FAIDQ&index=3&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [4.58]
• PSM18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vevn3woaNSo&index=17&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.26]
• PSM19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXzqKLZHna8&index=16&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.31]
• PSM20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJBQw9xUF68&index=15&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.29]

6. FORMING COMPOUNDS

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Law of Definite Proportions
• Valence Electrons
• Noble Gas Configuration
• Electron Dot Diagrams

7. BONDING: INTRA-MOLECULAR FORCES

Tutorials and Problems links:

IONIC BONDS

• Octet Rule
• Cation Formation
• Anion Formation
• Ionic Bond
• Ionic Crystal Structure
• Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds

METALLIC BONDS

• Metallic Bond
• Crystal Structures of Metals

COVALENT BONDS

Chemical Bond

Covalent Bond

Molecular Compounds

Energy and Covalent Bond Formation

Lewis Electron Dot Structures

Single Covalent Bonds

Multiple Covalent Bonds

Bond Energy

VSEPR Theory

Molecular Shapes: No Lone Pairs on Central Atom

Molecular Shapes: Lone Pair(s) on Central Atom

Bond Polarity

Polar Molecules

Videos:

1. Elements, Atoms, Molecules, Ions, Ionic and Molecular Compounds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSJeMJaCkVU&index=18&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [13.53 mins]
2. Introduction to Ionic and Covalent Bonding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_k0kr2eZSQ&index=19&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [12.50 mins]
3. What is an Ion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALNSIAnm-EQ&index=21&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [10.31 mins]
4. PSM21 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUI4JlmtmX8&index=22&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [6.05]
5. PSM22 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXqWdw7f1qY&index=21&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [6.56]
6. PSM23 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JColWVL-tuQ&index=24&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [6.10]
7. Ionic Bonds, Polar Covalent Bonds and... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NQzcpWvq4g [11.00 mins]
8. Which Bond is More Polar? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0-a5HzSzdE [11.35 mins]
9. PSM24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xhNopMp64M&index=23&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [6.47]
10. PSM#25 Allotropy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz0jU6Cf4l0&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=25 [4.41]
11. PSM#26 Ionic networks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pA37Bpk3rQ&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=26 [5.27]
12. PSM#27 Covalent networks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWpfAKfDLSU&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=27 [5.16]
13. PSM#29 Metallic networks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Oxq-9Ucsk&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=29 [5.23]

8. INTER-MOLECULAR FORCES

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Van der Waals Forces
• Hydrogen Bonding
• Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces

Videos:

• PSM#30 Inter- intramlecular forces https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_DkBr8Whhg&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=30 8.05]
• PSM#31 Bond Strength https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCJJ9JP7kLM&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP&index=31 [6.42]

7. FORMULAS AND NAMING

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Molecular Formula
• Empirical Formula
• Cation
• Anion
• Transition Metal Ions
• The Stock System of Nomenclature
• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
• Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds
• Polyatomic Ions Naming and Formulas
• Ternary Ionic Compounds Naming and Formulas
• Binary Molecular Compounds Naming and Formulas
• Acids Naming and Formulas
• Bases Naming and Formulas

Videos:

1. How to Memorize The Polyatomic Ions, Formulas, Charges, Naming, Chemistry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXBEh7nd9KQ&index=23&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [29.44 mins]
2. How to Write Ionic Formulas with Polyatomic Ions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stu2omPRvbs&index=26&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [10.41 mins]
3. How to Name Ionic Compounds of the Transition Metals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eM5mDnQX0k8&index=24&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [13.33 mins]
4. How to Name Covalent Molecular Compounds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3agUL7-ezXk&index=22&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [10.11 mins]
5. Writing Chemical Formulas for Covalent Molecular Compounds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrJnnwLDY6o&index=25&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [4.17 mins]
6. PSM4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-pGpuO4IeA&index=5&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSARl70FH6vBJCVfhtu4JjKP [5.04]

8. THE MOLE

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Avogadro's Number
• Conversions Between Moles and Atoms
• Molar Mass
• Conversions Between Moles and Mass
• Conversions Between Mass and Number of Particles
• Avogadro's Hypothesis and Molar Volume
• Conversions Between Moles and Gas Volume
• Gas Density
• Percent Composition
• Percent of Water in a Hydrate
• Determining Empirical Formulas
• Determining Molecular Formulas

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (IQC#1-12) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja4ReSIyb6A&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSBlS5riye9fg1b6SlJQ00h4

• Introduction to Moles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EowJsC7phzw&index=28&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [5.15 mins]
• Calculate the Molar Mass of a Compound https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_zHROisdP4&index=29&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [11.20 mins]
• Convert Grams to Moles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irYPta9G_sw&index=30&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [13.17 mins]
• Moles to Grams Stoichiometry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj3fr5pEn7U&index=31&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [16.14 mins]
• Convert Between Grams, Atoms and Moles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1EPgeu_fJ8&index=35&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [19.08 mins]

9. GASES

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Compressibility
• Factors Affecting Gas Pressure
• Boyle's Law
• Charles's Law
• Gay Lussac's Law
• Combined Gas Law
• Avogadro's Law
• Ideal Gas Law
• Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (IQC#18-24) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGvXzZbvhLE&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSBlS5riye9fg1b6SlJQ00h4&index=18

10. SOLUTIONS

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Solution
• Solute Solvent Combinations
• Rate of Dissolving
• Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions
• Solubility
• Supersaturated Solutions
• Henry's Law of Solubility
• Percent Solutions
• Molarity
• Preparing Solutions
• Dilution

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (IQC#13-17) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jSNI7PlvaQ&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSBlS5riye9fg1b6SlJQ00h4&index=13

11. CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Chemical Symbols and Formulas
• Chemical Properties and Chemical Reactions
• Reactants and Products
• Recognizing Chemical Reactions
• Molecular and Ionic Equations
• Net Ionic Equation

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (RC#1-24) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZYMCVJFVPk&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSAJfb02g1rwALZbMuRTFaf9

• Law of Conservation of Mass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBTNzScLUg4&index=13&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [3.14 mins]
• Balancing Equations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q7VaUmAzPo&index=36&list=PL0o_zxa4K1BWziAvOKdqsMFSB_MyyLAqS [11.24 mins]

12. STOICHIOMERY

Tutorials and Problems links:

• Everyday Stoichiometry
• Mole Ratios
• Mass Mole Stoichiometry
• Mass Mass Stoichiometry
• Volume Volume Stoichiometry
• Mass Volume Stoichiometry
• Limiting Reactant
• Determining the Limiting Reactant
• Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield

Videos:

13. REACTION RATES

Tutorials and problems:

• Reaction Rate
• Collision Theory
• Activation Energy
• Potential Energy Diagrams
• Activated Complex
• Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
• Catalyst

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (RC#25-30) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQpgW4PVX4w&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSAJfb02g1rwALZbMuRTFaf9&index=25

14. ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY

Tutorials and problems:

• Chemical Potential Energy
• Heat
• Exothermic Reaction
• Endothermic Reaction
• Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
• Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
• Specific Heat Calculations
• Enthalpy
• Calorimetry
• Thermochemical Equation
• Stoichiometry and Thermochemical Equations
• Heat of Solution
• Hess's Law of Heat Summation
• Heat of Combustion
• Standard Heat of Formation
• Heat of Reaction

• Entropy Overview
• Standard Entropy
• Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions
• Free Energy
• Calculating Free Energy Change (ΔG°)
• Temperature and Free Energy
• Changes of State and Free Energy
• Calculations of Free Energy and Keq

Videos:

• Col Harrison Playlist (DOR#1-18) begins here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwZYS_WlLlg&list=PLeFSFSJ9WqSA24lCCivXWB_Fruf_Jh6a8